A first City Council was elected. 390 install galaxie ford finally cars 2013; Mulic et al. Tooth hypersensitivity was more common in adolescents with DE. A previous study in Stockholm also found a difference in heat and heat wave duration effects by age groups, while the increasing susceptibility to cold spell duration in the very elderly has not been shown before (13). Below you can find the specifications for torque specs for Ford engines. Previous mental disease or substance abuse increased the odds of death among the population younger than 65. 2009; Mulic et al. Prevalence, distribution and background variables of smooth-bordered tooth wear in teenagers. Out of 1071 adolescents studied, DE was registered in 336 individuals (31.4%). 2.084" intake valve size. It has the same grading but registration is performed on six surfaces instead of four, 1222 palatal view and 36, 46 occlusal view. 2014) and to be able to implement necessary preventive measures. Dental erosion and its growing importance in clinical practice: from past to present. 2014; 7: 10.3402/gha.v7.22737. Hasselkvist et al. The odds ratio of a one-degree decrease of maximum temperature on all causes of natural death is statistically significant, but did not reach significance when stratified into age groups (Table 4). This finding was consistent with Shitsuka et al. 68fordf100 1968 Ford F150 Regular Cab Specs, Photos, Modification Info www.cardomain.com . On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 189938, or 25.05% of the population (758148 on the 31st of December 2002). The time-stratified design adjusts for time trends and weekday patterns by design. Manage Preferences - El Aidi H, Bronkhorst EM, Huysmans MC. 2; Table 2). EFI HP specs from 87 to 92: 230 HP @ 3600 rpm 390 TQ @ 2000 rpm EFI HP specs from 93 to 97 245 HP @ 4000 RPM 400 TQ @ 2200 rpm Just doing the bolts ons should get you to 300 HP easily. For other chronic diseases, for which patients were considered to be able to recover over time, we created indicators for hospitalization in a period 28 days to 2 years before death: acute myocardial infarction and recurrent myocardial infarction (ICD-9: 410; ICD-10: I21I22); cardiovascular disease (ICD-9: 390459; ICD-10: I); cerebrovascular disease (ICD-9: 430438; ICD-10: I60I69); respiratory disease (ICD-9: 460519; ICD-10: J); and substance abuse (ICD-9: 303305; ICD-10: F10-19). The present study was conducted during 20102011 and designed as a cross sectional cohort study. 1979 Ford F150 Engine .40 Over 351M 4 Speed Manual | Ford Daily Trucks forddaily.net. already built in. MG. individual susceptibility, differences in the enamel composition due to polymorphisms in enamel formation genes, variation in the pellicle, and variation in the saliva content (Schlueter and Tveit 2014; Svik et al. Dynamics of tooth erosion in adolescents: a 3-year longitudinal study. . The results do support the overall association between heat (i.e. When fuel injection came into play in the 1980s, the horsepower dropped to 245 and the torque increased to 400 lb.-ft. of torque. This scale was used for grading cuppings via intra-oral photographs. We only found some factors that appeared to predict larger risks to ambient high and low temperature conditions. The political organisation also includes eight governing full-time Commissioners (borgarrd) and four Commissioners representing the opposition. The 460, although discontinued in the late 1990s, remains a popular big block engine that is widely used in motor homes, boats, and industrial vehicles. 2010) while other research groups reported the opposite (van Rijkom et al. Heads), Flexplate One a specific scoring method for measurement of erosive wear, clear in criteria and reproducible, is needed. Hasselkvist A, Johansson A, Johansson AK. [4] On 31 December 2017 there were 949761 residents in Stockholm, of which 234703 people (24.71%) were born in a country other than Sweden. The present study indicates that dental erosions is a common problem among adolescents of today and are linked to both internal and external risk factors. Isaksson H, Birkhed D, Wendt L-K. Jan 27, 2017 #2 RexB likes this. These findings need to be further explored to increase our understanding of which population groups experience increasing death rates with high and low temperature exposures, and with heat and cold wave duration. For air pollution exposure variables (ozone and NOx), we constructed a running mean in lag strata zero to one, zero to six. The causes of death and previous hospitalizations were classified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)-9 for the period 19901996 and ICD-10 for 1997 and onward. Future studies of dental erosive wear and preventive measures are needed, as there is still a lack of knowledge. [3], On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 311401, or 32.79% of the population (949761 on the 31st of December 2017). Part 3: prevention of tooth wear. This variable was given the value 1 on the second day of the cold or heat wave, 2 on the third and so on. Based on previous studies, we constructed variables for lagged effects of exposure as averages over lag zero to one when studying the impact of summer temperatures, and for lags zero to six when studying the impact of winter temperatures (13, 26). 2009). 2020 ford mustang gt review. From the computerised recall system, 1335 adolescents (15 and 17years of age) that were going to schedule their regular dental health examination were selected in consecutive order. 2012; Isaksson et al. We studied the associations between mortality and temperature and heat and cold wave duration, stratified by age and individual and medical factors. These districts are administered by District Councils, stadsdelsnmnder, which carry responsibility for primary school, social, leisure and cultural services within their respective areas. Unfortunately, we lacked a significant numbers of ozone observations and had no data on PM2.5. Increasing death rates with cold in people with mental health issues and substance abuse conditions may relate to a reduced perception of health risks with substance use, as well as possibly less protection from cold exposure (34). Archive - The authors have not received any funding or benefits from industry or elsewhere to conduct this study. Prior studies found COPD weakly modified the mortality risk associated with cold (17). On September 9, 2018 Stockhlolm held Municipality Election. turbo ford offerup twin banks I have a '94 F-250 with the EFI460,and the E4OD trans.In 1994, Ford rated the 460 at 245net horsepower at 4,000 rpm,and 400 lb.-ft. of torque at 2,200rpm(with the E4OD).The Superduty(F-450), motorhomes,and stripped chassis vehicles got a 255net horsepower rating,and 405 lb.-ft. of torque.Pre-'94 EFI460s got the 230net horsepower rating, and a torque rating of 390ft.-lbs. Meanstandard deviation (proportion missing), range. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Severe erosive wear (grade 3 and 4 according to SEPRS) was found in 18.3% of the adolescents based upon the intra-oral photographs. About Us - Prevention. Temperature extremes and health: impacts of climate variability and change in the United States. (2010), reported rising prevalence rates with increasing age. The policy of Stockholm is to have informal town twinning with all capitals of the world, its main focus being those in northern Europe. In Supplementary file 3, we provide details on how the smooth versus the fitted linear function compared (Supplementary file 3). That was consistent with 18% extensive erosion that Isaksson et al. Finally, 390 install. At these ages, selected marker teeth have been present in the mouth for approximately 9 and 11 years and thus exposed to erosive challenges. Meteorological and air pollution data were obtained from an urban background (roof-top) station in Central Stockholm, managed by the City of Stockholm Environment and Health Administration. We estimate that most risk increases in daily mortality attributed to temperature occurred in non-hospitalized populations in both age groups. KC. In a cohort of 12years old, a longitudinal study from UK reported new or more advanced lesions in 27% of the children over the 2years of the study (Dugmore and Rock 2003). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Self-assessed gastric reflux was a factor strongly associated with erosive wear in this study. Candy said: Hello, I hope someone on here will be kind enough to help me on this. My mechanic told me I need a set of heads for it. The occurrence of erosive wear was higher in individuals with tooth hypersensitivity (p=0.012). The best model for the summer period used maximum temperature to describe risks related to heat intensity, and minimum temperature to describe risks related to heat wave duration (Supplementary file 5). A study by Anderson et al. Estimated prevalence of erosive tooth wear in permanent teeth of children and adolescents: an epidemiological systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Although our results did not exclude such an effect (in particular with heat wave duration this seems plausible), our results do not confirm the hypothesis that people with a northern origin also experience increased risks with cold conditions. Tooth brushing before and/or after breakfast, Before breakfast, after breakfast, before and after breakfast, No visible changes, developmental structures remain, macro-morphology intact, Smoothened enamel, developmental structures have totally or partially vanished. Before The heat wave duration association is larger in lower ages, compared with the effect of temperature, which only significantly affects mortality in people aged 80 and above (Fig. heat and cold wave duration). Three categories were created, using the approximate 20th and 80th percentiles as cutoff points. Low temperatures were associated with stronger mortality effects in persons with previous hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction or mental disease, such as substance abuse in people younger than 65. I want to know the horsepower rating from the factory. Rowell LB. One study reported that hospitalization may be a protective factor during hot and cold episodes (15), while another study showed considerable increased risk of death (21). 1996; Hasselkvist et al. The best model for the winter period used maximum temperature for describing both the effects of low temperatures and cold wave duration (Supplementary file 5). Maria-Gamla stan and Katarina-Sofia now form Sdermalm borough, Enskede-rsta and Vantr now form Enskede-rsta-Vantr, Hgersten and Liljeholmen now form Hgersten-Liljeholmen, and Kista and Rinkeby now form Rinkeby-Kista. A higher risk increase during heat waves was observed for individuals with pre-existing diabetes; heart disease; lung disease; mental illness and those using psychotropic medications; being obese; and those confined to bed (1420). The susceptibility to dental erosion differs among individuals. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Although legally a municipality with the official proper name Stockholms kommun, the municipal assembly (kommunfullmktige) has decided to use the name Stockholms stad (City of Stockholm in English) whenever possible. "Elected" is the total number of percentage points from the municipality that went to parties who were elected to the Riksdag. 2001; Dugmore and Rock 2003; El Aidi et al. 2011) to 95% (Al-Majed et al. In the present study, we also found an association between erosive wear and drinking juice or sport drinks after exercise thus indicating that erosive wear can be linked to the lifestyle of young people. I have a 1994 ford f350 with a 7.5L 460 fuel injected engine. The council elects a Municipal executive committee (kommunstyrelse), with 13 members representing both the political majority and the opposition, with the responsibility of implementing policies approved by the assembly. The share of highly educated persons, according to Statistics Sweden's definition: persons with post-secondary education that is three years or longer, is 42.4% (national average: 27.0%). It's a great feeling! Al-Dlaigan YH, Shaw L, Smith AJ. Svik JB, Tveit AB, Storesund T. Dental erosion: a widespread condition nowadays? Epidemiological studies on DE have shown a wide range of prevalence (Jaeggi and Lussi 2006). Rocklov J, Forsberg B. Geographically, the City of Stockholm comprises the central part of the capital (Innerstaden or Stockholm City Centre) as well as the southern and western suburban parts (Sderort or South Stockholm and Vsterort or West Stockholm respectively). 2010). Huysmans MCDNJM, Chew HP, Ellwood RP. For the Riksdag constituency, see, Places adjacent to Stockholm Municipality. RustyFord 1973 Ford F150 Regular Cab Specs, Photos, Modification Info www.cardomain.com. Reflux disease can be present without subjective symptoms, so-called silent reflux, and should always be suspected in idiopathic DE. Swedish adolescents 15years of age are allowed to decide themselves whether to participate and all subjects were informed of their right to resign before or during the study. Decreasing temperatures in winter were more strongly associated with mortality in ages 65 and above for men, people living in wealthier municipalities, non-hospitalized populations, and persons with pre-existing myocardial infarction. This may, however, not be the case. Anderson BG, Bell ML. 2014). 2015) or eating disorders with repeated vomiting (Lussi et al. Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in the study. D'Ippoliti D, Michelozzi P, Marino C, de'Donato F, Menne B, Katsouyanni K, et al. However, the air pollution measurements were not systematically missing with respect to temperature based on regression analysis (not reported). For cold exposure, relative risks appear to be modified by age, gender, indoor temperatures, clothing behavior, and socioeconomic factors (16, 17, 2325). Mortality in non-hospitalized patients younger than 65 significantly increases with heat wave duration, and even more so in hospitalized patients. (2010) concluded that DE was seen in approximately 31% of 15years old and in the systematic review by Salas et al. Different ages, groups studied and/or scoring systems used can explain the differences in prevalence between these studies. Administratively, it is subdivided into 14 districts (sometimes incorrectly called "boroughs" in English), which are administered by district councils (stadsdelsnmnder). 1994 5.0L Factory Horsepower And Torque Specs. Dental erosion, Prevalence, Risk factors, Adolescents. Hasselkvist A, Johansson A, Johansson AK. Dentin surface exposed by>1/3 or pulp visible through the dentin, Fused cuppings: at least two cuppings are fused together on the same tooth, Frequency of tooth brushing (3 categories, Freq.soft drinks not often vs. several times a week. 2012; Isaksson et al. Macro-morphology clearly changed, faceting or concavity formation within the enamel, no dentinal exposure, Enamel surface as described in grades 1 and 2. An official website of the United States government. Cylinder Numbering: Distributor Rotation . Several studies have claimed that children with low socio-economic status have a higher prevalence of DE (Al-Dlaigan et al. A systematic review estimated an overall worldwide prevalence of tooth erosion to be 30% in permanent teeth of children and adolescents aged 819years (Salas et al. Stockholm Municipality or the City of Stockholm (Swedish: Stockholms kommun or Stockholms stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden.It has the largest population of the 290 municipalities of the country, but one of the smallest areas, making it the second most densely populated. While men and women aged 65 or older appear to face similar risks to increases in temperature, men experience stronger impacts from longer heat wave duration for ages 65 and above, while women experience a large increase in mortality risks with heat wave duration in the age group below 65 (Table 2). Rocklov J, Barnett AG, Woodward A. Contributed to conception and design and recruitment of patients. horsepower f150 liter turbos ethanol. 2016). Clinical implication: Clinicians are recommended to focus on this problem to diagnose at an early stage and also to investigate the cause of DE that often can be explained by exogenous factors such as a frequent consumption of acidic drinks but also endogenous causes such as reflux disease and eating disorders. jacket), Intake Many studies have confirmed an association between DE and soft drink consumption among adolescents (Johansson et al. In Supplementary files 2 and 3, more details are provided on model specifications and on the influence of incorporating the two temperature variables for summer and winter in the fitted models. Our results support this finding among hospitalized populations aged less than 65 during heat waves. The relationship between the prevalence of DE and socio-economic status is contradictory. (2010) where the corresponding figure for 18 and 19years old was 22.3%. We estimated the effect from temperature intensity (linear effect) and the additional effect from heat waves (duration variable; linear effect) simultaneously in the model. Dental erosion: bakgrund och kliniska aspekter (in Swedish). The ORs with 95% CI were used as estimates of the effects. torque specs ford bearing spec carrier harley specifications diff 2003 head cylinder trucks truck 1994 toyota. The functionality is limited to basic scrolling. Study population and number of subjects in each phase of the study. The Eurowinter Group. The global prevalence of DE in children and adolescents shows great variation with rates ranging from 7.2% (Vargas-Ferreira et al. Vulnerability to heat-related mortality: a multicity, population-based, case-crossover analysis. The coalition or government mandate marked in bold formed the government after the election. We studied the association of mortality with hot and cold weather according to individual factors and history of previous in-hospital care. MSJ. The Ford 460 engine is Ford's longest running big block V8, produced from 1968 until 1998. The highest frequency of DE was found in Sollentuna, with 177 adolescents (44.5%) followed by Brommaplan, 88 (25.9%) and Sdertlje 71 (21.3%) individuals respectively. In particular, we found strong increases in mortality associated with heat wave duration among the populations less than age 65, with the largest risk increases in women and less wealthy municipalities. In the second part of the study when severity of DE was graded on the photographs taken at the regular dental health examination; the study group consisted of 1202 patients (Fig. Excess mortality in England and Wales, and in Greater London, during the 1995 heatwave. Rotation. Adequate prophylaxis for DE will prevent hypersensitivity but sometimes restorative therapy may be necessary to relieve these problems (Schlueter et al. For example, wealthier municipalities may be characterized to a larger extent by less energy efficient older houses. Some 75% of the 15 and 17 years old in Stockholm County are patients in the Public Dental Service. Sadly, its production halted when Ford upgraded to the 6.8L 413 ci V10 engine installed in its Super Duty trucks. Odds were elevated among females younger than age 65, in groups with a previous hospital admission for mental disorders, and in persons with previous cardiovascular disease. Further these ages are standard ages for regular dental health examinations in Sweden and they also represent groups when individual eating and drinking habits are changing from parenthood to more independence. This is why the big block has a stigma for low-end grunt. A close collaboration with medical professionals in these areas is essential for referral of patients. (2015) found that endurance training resulted an increased risk for DE caused by a decrease in salivary flow rates during maximum workload. Arnadottir et al. 2004; Mulic et al. On the estimation of heat-intensity and heat-duration effects in time series models of temperature-related mortality in Stockholm, Sweden. 2005). Torque Specifications. Stafoggia M, Forastiere F, Agostini D, Caranci N, de'Donato F, Demaria M, et al. Stockholm County, Sweden, is situated in northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea. Maclure M. The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. For continuous variables, the mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. Learn more The dentist may be the first to observe signs of silent reflux or an eating disorder in the form of DE (Ranjitkar et al. In particular, heat exposure and heat wave duration showed different associations. 2002; Bardsley et al. By cumulative frequency, we mean that each longer heat or cold wave also contributes to the frequency of the duration of shorter heat and cold waves in Fig. Advertising - Maximum temperature 2nd/98th percentile (C), Minimum temperature 2nd/98th percentile (C), Born outside the Nordic countries, age<65, Born outside the Nordic countries, age65, Hospitalization for diabetes mellitus, ever, age<65, Hospitalization for diabetes mellitus, ever, age65, Hospitalization for mental disorder, ever, age<65, Hospitalization for mental disorder, ever, age65, Hospitalization for substance use, ever, age<65, Hospitalization for substance use, ever, age65, Hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction within 28 days to 2 years, age<65, Hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction within 28 days to 2 years, age65, Hospitalization for cerebrovascular disease within 28 days to 2 years, age<65, Hospitalization for cerebrovascular disease within 28 days to 2 years, age65, Hospitalization for cardiovascular disease within 28 days to 2 years<65, Hospitalization for cardiovascular disease within 28 days to 2 years65, Hospitalization for respiratory disease within 28 days to 2 years, age<65, Hospitalization for respiratory disease within 28 days to 2 years, age65. Hess KL, Wilson TE, Sauder CL, Gao Z, Ray CA, Monahan KD. The present study also emphasises the importance of early diagnosis. Significant associations of low temperatures with mortality are also seen in individuals with previous hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, and in non-hospitalized populations aged 65 and above. 1973 ford f150 ride cab regular . 2). Extreme temperatures and mortality: assessing effect modification by personal characteristics and specific cause of death in a multi-city case-only analysis. 2013; Hasselkvist et al. Life expectancy among women (above 80 years) was higher compared to men (below 80 years); both increased during the period of the study. 2014). The municipality is subdivided into 13 districts. the rating was 245 horsepower@4 ,000rpm & 395 lbs.-ft of torque@2 ,400rpm with the 5-speed manual.with an e4od automatic, the horsepower rating was the same,but the torque rating was 400 lbs.-ft.@2 ,200rpm.1995 superduty (f-450)&stripped chassis (rv)trucks got a 255 horsepower 460,with 405 lbs.-ft. of torque@2 ,400rpm.horsepower peak was at 2012a; Mulic et al. Individuals having pre-existing COPD aged less than 65 experienced higher risks with elevated temperatures in summer. This project was supported by Grants from The Public Dental Service, Stockholm County Council, Praktikertjnst AB, The Female Dentist Club and The Swedish Association for Pediatric Dentistry. The present study was conducted at three dental clinics belonging to the Public Dental Service in Stockholm County Council and from different social areas but it was not possible to link DE significantly to adolescents from a certain social group. Hence, the aims of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of DE among a group of adolescents in Stockholm County. The increase among women appeared more strongly related to cold wave duration (Table 4). Data analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS, Version 22). Uhlen MM, Mulic A, Holme B. 2012; Tantbirojn et al. These are the election results from the 1973 onwards in the City of Stockholm. (Table1). Vigotti MA, Muggeo VM, Cusimano R. The effect of birthplace on heat tolerance and mortality in Milan, Italy, 19801989. Severe DE among males was 22.3% compared to females 14.4%, based upon intra-oral photographs. For successive temperature increases, the largest increases were seen for people with pre-existing COPD or myocardial infarction in the age group below 65. Susceptibility to mortality related to temperature and heat and cold wave duration in the population of Stockholm County, Sweden. Appropriate preventive and restorative measures must also be provided depending on the severity of erosion damage and check ups on a regular basis to avoid further loss of tooth material. 1. Cold exposure and winter mortality from ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, and all causes in warm and cold regions of Europe. Mulic A, Skudutyte-Rysstad R, Tveit AB. Influenza was adjusted for in all winter period models by including a variable of current level of influenza mortality in the population. For low temperatures, it appeared that the wealthier populations might be at higher risk. Jensdottir T, Arnadottir IB, Thorsdottir I. However, the difference between age stratifications and COPD (mortality increasing in <65 years) and cardiovascular disease (mortality increasing in >65 years) is intriguing. Cookie Policy - Olley RC, Moazzez R, Bartlett D. The relationship between incisal/occlusal wear, dentine hypersensitivity and time after the last acid exposure in vivo. Large areas were annexed in 1913, 1916 and 1949. We applied for and obtained mortality and hospitalization data for all residents in Stockholm County from the Swedish National Cause of Death Register (Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare) for the period 19902002 and matched it with the data on the same individual in the National Hospital Discharge Register (considered complete as from 1987), using anonymous numbers instead of social security numbers for record linkage. The multivariate analysis was performed on factors with significant influence on erosion in the bivariate analyses. Consumption of soft drinks several times a week was more prevalent in individuals with DE than in those with no erosion (p<0.001). Holbrook WP, Furuholm J, Gudmundsson K. Gastric reflux is a significant causative factor of tooth erosion. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and an independent t test were used to compare the mean values on erosion. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. The risks related to high (and possibly low) temperatures might be modified by the synergistic effects of heat with simultaneously high levels of air pollution (39). Multiple logistic regression with a forward stepwise procedure was used to evaluate the factors of independent importance, accounted for in the multivariate table (Table5). More information on model specifications can be found in Supplementary file 2. Damper), (Transmission There was a significant increase in mortality risk in the population following increases in maximum temperature (Table 2). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies This work was partly undertaken within the Ume Centre for Global Health Research at Ume University, with support from FAS, the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (grant no. Studies of temperature and mortality may miss significant susceptible groups (such as women <65 years) if they do not incorporate variables for the additional effects of heat wave length. The impact of heat waves on mortality in 9 European cities: results from the EuroHEAT project. We thank Niklas Berglind for help in designing the outcome data. 2005) to 64% (Dugmore and Rock 2004a) of young people are reported to have dental erosive wear and corresponding figures for Scandinavian countries are 1275% (Hasselkvist et al. The heat wave duration variable, based on the daily minimum temperature (above 17.4C), statistically and significantly affected mortality (Table 2). Privacy Statement - To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of dental erosion (DE) among a group of adolescents in Stockholm County. Anderson GB, Bell ML. The odds ratios assumed that the effects and effect-modifications were homogenous among age and sex groups. Heat intensity is not associated with mortality in hospitalized patients, but is associated with mortality in non-hospitalized individuals over 65 (Table 3). 90s 460s, fuel injected, put out about 250 hp and 400 ft-lbs of. 9 Pics about FORD RANGER RAPTOR 2019 V1.0 - FS 19 Cars - Farming Simulator 2019 : Ford 5.8L Trinity Engine Info, Power, Specs, Vehicle Applications Wiki, Banks Power Techni-Cooler Intercooler Kit, Ford (1994-97) 7.3L Power Stroke and also 2011 Chevrolet Silverado HD: Best Horsepower and Torque - Sportruck.com.