And the rumor is in those places, and among foreigners of the Faith, that indeed Jesus was born in this cave who is worshipped and reverenced by the Christians. [103] Olive wood carvings [104] are the item most purchased by tourists visiting Bethlehem. Bethlehem (/blhm/; Arabic: Bayt Lam; Hebrew: Bet Leem) is a city in the central West Bank, Palestine, about 10km (6.2 miles) south of Jerusalem. This website has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. Full Day Jerusalem & Bethlehem from Amman or Dead Sea . Bethlehem University signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Bethlehem Governorate on Wednesday, 7 August 2019. Bethlehem is a Palestinian city, located in the West Bank in Palestine, about 10 km to the south of Jerusalem, with a population of approximately 30,000 inhabitants. The Gospels of Matthew and Luke identify Bethlehem as the birthplace of Jesus. [8] Control of Bethlehem passed from the Ottomans to the British at the end of World War I. Bethlehem came under Jordanian rule during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and was later captured by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. The MoU aimed to enhance cooperation between government and academic institutions in Bethlehem to serve the local community. The Oslo II Interim Agreement signed in September 1995 between the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel, concluded Israel withdrawal from more areas of the West Bank and that occupied territory be divided into Areas A, B and C, which are designated as varying levels of control. [134], Throughout, Bethlehem's rule by the British and Jordan, the Syriac Quarter was allowed to participate in the election, as were the Ta'amrah Bedouins and Palestinian refugees, hence ratifying the number of municipal members in the council to 11. [102], Shopping is a major attraction, especially during the Christmas season. [95][66] Unlike other Palestinian localities prior to 2000, the majority of the employed residents did not have jobs in Israel. No need to register, buy now! Time Series Statistics. 99100. [8] An American missionary in the 1850s reported a population of under 4,000, nearly all of whom belonged to the Greek Church. Physiotherapy Instructor at Bethlehem University Palestinian Authority. Bethleem, .-. This marked the first time that a Palestinian Government retained sovereignty over any Palestinian land. The city is influenced by the Mediterranean Sea breeze that occurs around mid-day. It ended with an agreement to exile 13 of the militants to foreign countries. The occupation, confiscation of Palestinian lands, uprooting of fruitful trees and the demolition of Palestinian houses has proceeded virtually without interruption. [66], Bethlehem is twinned with:[144][145][146], This article is about the city in the West Bank. Bethlehem held its first municipal elections in 1876, after the mukhtars ("heads") of the quarters of Bethlehem's Old City (excluding the Syriac Quarter) made the decision to elect a local council of seven members to represent each clan in the town. Bethlehem Governorate lies in the southern part of the West Bank south of Jerusalem. Any movement from or to these villages (isolated cantons) will be controlled completely by the Israeli occupation forces. Talmor, Ronny (translated by Ralph Mandel) (1990). N. 3 de 57 restaurantes en Bethlehem. According to the Book of Ruth, the valley to the east is where Ruth of Moab gleaned the fields and returned to town with Naomi. [51] The Ottoman tax record and census from 1596 indicates that Bethlehem had a population of 1,435, making it the 13th largest village in Palestine at the time. Its population is approximately 25,000, and it is the capital of the Bethlehem . around 210,000 palestinians currently live in bethlehem governorate, including some 6,000 in 17 residential areas located in area c, which is directly controlled by israel. Manar Jaber Amman. Joseph, warned of Herod's impending action by an angel of the Lord, decided to flee to Egypt with his family and then later settled in Nazareth after Herod's death. [1] [5][6] The important holy site of Rachel's Tomb is at the northern entrance of Bethlehem, though not freely accessible to the city's own inhabitants and in general Palestinians living in the occupied West Bank due to the Israeli West Bank barrier. On Thursday dawn, Israeli soldiers abducted four Palestinians, including one child and two former political prisoners, in the Ramallah and Al-Biereh governorate, in the central West Bank and a young man in Bethlehem. [70], Christian families that have lived in Bethlehem for hundreds of years are being forced to leave as land in Bethlehem is seized, and homes bulldozed, for construction of thousands of new Israeli homes. However, Bethlehem is affected also by annual waves of hot, dry, sandy and dust Khamaseen winds from the Arabian Desert, during April, May and mid-June. [50] In 1867, an American visitor describes the town as having a population of 3,000 to 4,000; of whom about 100 were Protestants, 300 were Muslims and "the remainder belonging to the Latin and Greek Churches with a few Armenians. All Rights reserved. Its theater presents a 20-minute animated show. [132] The International Center of Bethlehem is another cultural center that concentrates primarily on the culture of Bethlehem. In the Old Testament, Bethlehem was an early Canaanite settlement connected with the patriarchs. [109] Tourism accounts for approximately 65% of the city's economy and 11% of the Palestinian National Authority. Its principal city and district capital is Bethlehem. governorate. Dresses for special occasions were made of striped silk with winged sleeves with a short taqsireh jacket known as the Bethlehem jacket. Har Homa and the additional neighborhoods are to set on an overall 2500 dunums of land. Ottoman tax records suggest that the Christian population was slightly more prosperous or grew more grain than grapes (the former being a more valuable commodity). Prior to the outbreak of the September 2000 Intifada Palestinians had almost complete access to these bypass roads, except at time when the Israeli Army is on security alerts that Palestinians are no longer allowed to travel on the bypass roads or would have to undergo a through security check conducted by the Israeli Army border patrols, which would take hours at times. Taylor, 1993, pp. However, Israel still maintain control on it to this day. Soon after the occupation, the Israeli government redrew the administrative boundaries of the Governorates, erasing Jerusalem Governorate from the map and expanding the Jerusalem municipal boundaries from 6.5 km. The earliest known mention of Bethlehem was in the Amarna correspondence of 13501330 BCE when the town was inhabited by the Canaanites. On February 3, 2005, the Israeli high court rejected a petitionpresented by 18 Palestinian families from Bethlehem and Beit Jala cities againstthe construction of a Bypass Road to be constructedparallel tothe path of the Segregation Wall at Bethlehems northern entrance, extending all the way from Gilo 300 Border Crossing to Rachels Tomb Area. m]; Latin: Bethleem; initially named after Canaanite fertility god Lehem) is a city in the central West Bank, Palestine, about 10 km (6.2 miles) south of Jerusalem. Mills and Bullard, 1990, pp. Hebron. [58] In the United Nations General Assembly's 1947 resolution to partition Palestine, Bethlehem was included in the international enclave of Jerusalem to be administered by the United Nations. It covers the area around the city of Nablus which serves as the muhfaza (seat) of the governorate. [133], Bethlehem has four museums: The Crib of the Nativity Theatre and Museum offers visitors 31 three-dimensional models depicting the significant stages of the life of Jesus. [41][42] Eusebius, however, mentions nothing about the cave having been associated with Tammuz[41] and there are no other Patristic sources that suggest Tammuz had a shrine in Bethlehem. On the 5th of June 1967, Israel Occupied the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, the Syrian Golan Heights and the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula. [71] Bethlehem is situated on the Judean Mountains. [61] The influx of refugees significantly transformed Bethlehem's Christian majority into a Muslim one.[62]. Since the 1995 Oslo Accords, Bethlehem has been administered by the Palestinian Authority as part of Area A of the West Bank. [19], Biblical scholar William F. Albright noted that the pronunciation of the name remained essentially the same for 3,500 years, but has meant different things: "'Temple of the God Lakhmu' in Canaanite, 'House of Bread' in Hebrew and Aramaic, 'House of Meat' in Arabic. In addition to its role in connecting settlements, the Israeli built roads worked to restrain the development of the Palestinian communities in the West Bank by creating de-facto obstructions to areas designated for development. In September 2005, Israel decided to establish 10 terminals and 23 crossing points throughout the occupied West Bank territory; five of these terminals are under construction and are designed for commercial functions where cargos are moved "back to back" on these terminals. The Badd Giacaman Museum, located in the Old City of Bethlehem, dates back to the 18th century and is primarily dedicated to the history and process of olive oil production. [44][8], In 637, shortly after Jerusalem was captured by the Muslim armies, 'Umar ibn al-Khattb, the second Caliph, promised that the Church of the Nativity would be preserved for Christian use. . It got its name from the village of Bethlehem, which at that time was within the Township boundaries. Its primary goals are to teach children music, train teachers for other schools, sponsor music research, and the study of Palestinian folklore music. Palestinian Localities Study Bethlehem Governorate 4 Bethlehem City Profile Location and Physical Characteristics Bethlehem is one of the major Palestinian cities, located in the north side of Bethlehem Governorate. [6], The Bethlehem branch of the Edward Said National Conservatory of Music has about 500 students. It is the capital of the Bethlehem Governorate. Saladin agreed to the return of two Latin priests and two deacons in 1192. Furthermore, over the past years, the behavior of the Israeli soldiers stationed at these checkpoints has taken a turn beyond the usual hassle treatment to more acts that falls within manners of vicious and sadistic behaviors; as many Palestinians of different segments of the Palestinian society; students, teachers, patients, medical staff and employees were subjected to various forms of Israeli cruelty, which involved beating, humiliation (striping of cloths and sitting on a dirt mud), held for hours under the burning sun or the cold whether before they are allowed to cross a certain checkpoint. [86] An 1885 source put the population at approximately 6,000 of "principally Christians, Latins and Greeks" with no Jewish inhabitants. From May through September, the weather is warm and sunny. [114] The second century Christian apologist Justin Martyr stated in his Dialogue with Trypho (written c. 155161) that the Holy Family had taken refuge in a cave outside of the town and then placed Jesus in a manger. there are over 100,000 israeli settlers residing in 19 settlements and settlement outposts across the governorate, including in those parts de facto annexed by israel to In the mid-13th century, the Mamluks demolished the city's walls, which were subsequently rebuilt under the Ottomans in the early 16th century. Jesus was born in Bethlehem; . In 2007, the monastery's wine production was around 700,000liters per year. Here, view the Church of the . [9][10] It is now encircled and encroached upon by dozens of Israeli settlements and the Israeli West Bank barrier, which separates both Muslim and Christian communities from their land and livelihoods, and sees a steady exodus from both communities. [11], The name Bethlehem (Hebrew: Bet Leem (Hebrew pronunciation:[bet leem]), Ancient Greek: Greek pronunciation:[btle.m], Latin: Bethleem) is a combination of the two Hebrew words bayit, house, and leem, bread", thus literally meaning "house of bread", or "house of food". See, Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Betharram, the Edward Said National Conservatory of Music, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Education Ministry of the Palestinian National Authority, List of twin towns and sister cities in the State of Palestine, "Main Indicators by Type of Locality - Population, Housing and Establishments Census 2017", "In the West Bank, Politics and Tourism Remain Bound Together Inextricably New York Times", "Are Bethlehem's Christians losing grip on their city? Christians, like all non-Muslims throughout the Ottoman Empire, were required to pay the jizya tax. [92] Bethlehem's two largest Arab Christian clans trace their ancestry to the Ghassanids, including al-Farahiyyah and an-Najajreh. there are over 100,000. Restaurante. Area Under Israeli Control which includes Area C, The Israeli Declared Closed Military Area and the Israeli Segregation Zones area. Join to connect Bethlehem University . [134], There are several branches of political parties on the council, including Communist, Islamist, and secular. As the official tourism board for Bethlehem region, we are here with quality information to show you the diverse delights of landscape, culture, and cuisine throughout your travel journey. [94][100] Amon Ramnon, a researcher at the Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research, stated that the reason why more Christians were emigrating than Muslims is because it is easier for Arab Christians to integrate into western communities than for Arab Muslims, since many of them attend church-affiliated schools, where they are taught European languages. On August 22, 2005, the Israeli Occupation forces handed out residents of Al Jaba two military orders declaring the confiscation of 181 dunums for the construction of Al Jaba Terminal. Find the perfect bethlehem governorate stock photo. Edinburgh: William Oliphant and Company. [8] A mosque dedicated to Umar was built upon the place in the city where he prayed, next to the church. [94] A higher percentage of Christians in the region are urban-dwellers, which also makes it easier for them to emigrate and assimilate into western populations. [60] Many refugees from areas captured by Israeli forces in 194748 fled to the Bethlehem area, primarily settling in what became the official refugee camps of 'Azza (Beit Jibrin) and 'Aida in the north and Dheisheh in the south. However, Palestinian going in either direction in the tunnel will have to go through the terminal under the Israeli forces supervision, as for those who own lands beyond the Segregation Wall and must undergo the tunnel and cross the terminal; they are required to submit a proof of land ownership in order to pass through. The confiscation process was carried out when four Israeli military orders holding numbers (156-5-T), (154-5-T), (155-5-T) and (52-05); were handed out to residents of the two villages informing them that 43 Dunums of their lands will be confiscated to construct a trade passage and to an additional part sections of roads designated to serve the trade passage, which will lead toward Har Homa settlement and consequently to Israel. The Hebrew Bible, which says that the city of Bethlehem was built up as a fortified city by Rehoboam,[7] identifies it as the city David was from and where he was anointed as the king of Israel. [78], Bethlehem's average annual relative humidity is 60% and reaches its highest rates between January and February. [17] Lamu was the Akkadian god of fertility,[18] which according to this theory, was worshipped by the Canaanites as Leem. HEBRON. [94] A statistical analysis of the Christian exodus cited lack of economic and educational opportunity, especially due to the Christians' middle-class status and higher education. [92] Another Bethlehem clan, al-Anatreh, also trace their ancestry to the Ghassanids. [57], Bethlehem was administered by the British Mandate from 1920 to 1948. [30] After the Bar Kokhba revolt (c. 132136 CE) was crushed, the Roman emperor Hadrian converted the Christian site above the Grotto into a shrine dedicated to the Greek god Adonis, to honour his favourite, the Greek youth Antinous. Projected Mid -Year Population for Bethlehem Governorate by Locality 2017-2026. In Bethlehem the cave is pointed out where he was born, and the manger in the cave where he was wrapped in swaddling clothes. [11] Land seizures for Israeli settlements have also prevented construction of a new hospital for the inhabitants of Bethlehem, as well as the barrier separating dozens of Palestinian families from their farmland and Christian communities from their places of worship.[11]. Bethlehem Governorate and Wadi al-Arayis Collapse Wadi al-Arayis is a Palestinian village located ten kilometers east of Bethlehem.The village is in the Bethlehem Governorate Southern West Bank. Today, the Governorate is a home to 225,567 Palestinian inhabitants today (PCBS 2010). Furthermore, the Israeli Army plans to establish a military camp on 127 Dunums of land all belong to Palestinians from Beit Sahour city once the construction of the Segregation Wall is completed. "[46] In 1009, during the reign of the sixth Fatimid Caliph, al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the Church of the Nativity was ordered to be demolished, but was spared by local Muslims, because they had been permitted to worship in the structure's southern transept. Winter temperatures (mid-December to mid-March) can be cool and rainy. In Arabic the name "Lachama" means the House of Meat, and in the Hebrew <a href . Its population is approximately 25,000,[3][4] and it is the capital of the Bethlehem Governorate of the State of Palestine. Bethlehem is the center of culture and tourism in Palestine, since it is identified by Christian tradition as the birthplace of Jesus. Roman Catholic services take place in St. Catherine's Church and Protestants often hold services at Shepherds' Fields.[125]. ], The Gospel of Matthew Matthew 1:18-2:23[33] and the Gospel of Luke Luke 2:1-39[34] represent Jesus as having been born in Bethlehem. In addition to that, medical services became dramatic as medical staff, doctors and patients were denied access through checkpoints; including medical emergencies and at many occasions patients were carried on wheel chairs or animals (donkeys) as even ambulances were not allowed to cross; causing patients death in many cases. Is Bethlehem in Jerusalem or Palestine? [20], Archaeological confirmation of Bethlehem as a city in the Kingdom of Judah was uncovered in 2012 at the archaeological dig at the City of David in the form of a bulla (seal impression in dried clay) in ancient Hebrew script that reads "From the town of Bethlehem to the King." 07 Nov 2022 05:38:37 The governorate has a population of nearly 199,500 and covers an area of 31,521 dunums, (about 7,789 acres). [105] Religious handicrafts include ornaments handmade from mother-of-pearl, as well as olive wood statues, boxes, and crosses. Bethlehem ( / blhm /; Arabic: Bayt Lam; Hebrew: Bet Leem) is a city in the central West Bank, Palestine, about 10 km (6.2 miles) south of Jerusalem. The treaty expired in 1239, and Bethlehem was recaptured by the Muslims in 1244. Early Christian traditions describe Jesus as being born in Bethlehem: in one account, a verse in the Book of Micah is interpreted as a prophecy that the Messiah would be born there. [76] There is also a Syriac quarter outside of the old city,[74] whose inhabitants originate from Midyat and Ma'asarte in Turkey. Its principal city and district capital is Bethlehem. [104] Other industries include stone and marble-cutting, textiles, furniture and furnishings. In 1976, an amendment was passed to allow women to vote and become council members and later the voting age was increased from 21 to 25.
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