In Part 1, Keller reviews what he believes is the "seven biggest objections and doubts about Christianity I've heard from people over the years." [8], Premier Nikolai Bulganin, chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union and then an ally of Khrushchev, called the session to order and immediately yielded the floor to Khrushchev,[8] who began his speech shortly after midnight on 25 February. Leap Year bugs have taken down numerous systems and cost millions and millions of dollars. Baranowska allowed him to take the document home to read. [8] Special passes were issued to those eligible to participate, with an additional 100 former party members, who had been recently released from the Soviet prison camp network, added to the assembly to add moral effect. 2000 % 100 = 0 In the context of religion, one can define faith as "belief in God or in the doctrines or teachings of religion". So in 4 centuries we lose 0.8796 days. CBC archives - Canada's home for news, sports, lifestyle, comedy, arts, kids, music, original series & more. CCP Chairman Mao Zedong launched the campaign to reconstruct the country from an agrarian economy into a communist society through the formation of people's communes.Mao decreed [11] The full text was officially published in the Soviet press in 1989. That's why we DO count a leap year. Todays rule started 1582 AD The Personality Cult and Its Consequences. 156: HIGH ON THE HOG (4.93) Piper rides a Fat Boy! In order to find leap years, why must the year be indivisible by 100 and divisible by 400? [11] Therefore, the "Secret Speech" was read publicly at literally thousands of meetings, making the colloquial name of the document something of a misnomer. Then there is a possibility or reason to make corrections in years dividable with 80. The best place to find licensed audio samples and lyrics along with vocal, chord and lead sheets from more than 100,000 songs of worship. the length of the year will come. :). After the repression, Stalin ceased even to consider the opinion of the collective of the party. Exhibitionist & Voyeur 02/14/20: Her Second Job Ch. Khrushchev charged Stalin with having fostered a leadership cult of personality despite ostensibly maintaining support for the ideals of communism. About LEAP out of Hours Care service. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. 157: ENTERNET CONnection (4.83) The SKYpe is falling! Exhibitionist & Voyeur 02/12/20: Her Second Job Ch. Bouncy! 05 (4.76) Denise's brother visits. i will still leave it as such in the datetime library i'm writing because writing correct code to deal with dates quickly gets surprisingly involved, so i will only ever support the gregorian calendar (or get paid for another one). The reason 400 comes into question is because according to the Gregorian Calendar, our "day length" is slightly off, and thus to compensate that, we have 303 regular years (365 days each) and 97 leap years (366 days each). In general terms the algorithm for calculating a leap year is as follows A year will be a leap year if it is divisible by 4 but not by 100. The 17th Congress was selected for investigations because it was known as "the Congress of Victors" in the country of "victorious socialism" and so the enormous number of "enemies" among the participants demanded explanation. d) But that means we lose -0.1204 days (we go forward) per quadricentennial (4 centuries). Stack Overflow for Teams is moving to its own domain! What's the proper way to extend wiring into a replacement panelboard? For what's worth, no one mentioned this, that if the year is divisible by 4000, is NOT a leap year. [8] Several people became ill during the tense report and had to be removed from the hall. and after this the adjustment will be required after around 120000 years. The reason we don't have leap years on the 100-multiples is to get us to 365.24 `[(1461 x 25 - 1) / 100 = 365.24, 36,524 days in 100 years. Leap-seconds are for an unrelated issue: that a day is not exactly 24 hours long, and without them noon would after a long time be in the middle of the night. Thanks so much for this algorithm. Is there an industry-specific reason that many characters in martial arts anime announce the name of their attacks? In Java Below code calculates leap year count between two given year. You dont really need to check if it is indivisible by 100. I found this problem in the book "Illustrated Guide to Python 3". There is no why. The text of the speech was only slowly disclosed in Eastern Europe. Can FOSS software licenses (e.g. Then the reason we once again have a leap year on 400-multiples is to get us to 365.2425 [(36,524 x 4 + 1) / 400 = 365.2425, 146,097 days in 400 years]. Julian calendar rule with every 4th year started 46BC but is not coherent before 10 AD as declared by Cesar. This means that 32nd day in 1918, was the February 14th. A homicide requires only a volitional act or omission that causes the death of another, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intent to cause harm. 504), Mobile app infrastructure being decommissioned. I understand why it must be divisible by 4. In the far future, when even years dividable with 400 only can get 365 days. Find the latest U.S. news stories, photos, and videos on NBCNews.com. Wouldn't that still allow the hours to be approximately the same as what they are currently without needing leap years. (Leap year obstacle), Easy interview question got harder: given numbers 1..100, find the missing number(s) given exactly k are missing, Ukkonen's suffix tree algorithm in plain English, Image Processing: Algorithm Improvement for 'Coca-Cola Can' Recognition, Calculating a leap year without the leap year function. so it is leap. I just tested this and it correctly determines leap and non-leap years 1900-2200 from the list of leap years at. When every year dividable with 100 gets 365 days, what shall be done at this time? BDSM 05/26/15: The Bondage Gallery (4.66) Elizabeth discovers erotic art in a bdsm relationship. In North Korea, factions of the Workers Party of Korea attempt to remove Chairman Kim Il-sung by criticizing him for not "correcting" his leadership methods, developing a personality cult, distorting the "Leninist principle of collective leadership" and "distortions of socialist legality"[6] (i.e. After determining that the speech was authentic, the CIA leaked the speech to The New York Times in early June. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. It's not exactly 365.25. Could you explain what is happening in this code? note that the return values of this function indicate leap years in the so-called proleptic gregorian calendar, so for the year 1400 it indicates false, whereas in fact that year was a leap year, according to the then-used julian calendar. I meant a terrible programming resource. More about the math around it can be found in the article Calendar Algorithms (PDF). To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Was Gandalf on Middle-earth in the Second Age? So, the rules are, in decreasing priority: Here comes a rather obsqure idea. The Great Chinese Famine (Chinese: ; lit. 364.992196 + 0,01 = 365.002196 (oops, a bit too big, let's add that day Hope this helps :). Good luck! The Security Intelligence blog features analysis and insights from hundreds of the brightest minds in the cybersecurity industry. rev2022.11.7.43014. But that's not exactly correct either. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. The speech was leaked to the West by the Israeli intelligence agency Shin Bet, which received it from the Polish-Jewish journalist Wiktor Grajewski. (Note : the reason no more corrections are applied after this step is because a year also CHANGES IN LENGTH! So in 8 quadricentennial (3200 years) we DO NOT count a leap year. apply to documents without the need to be rewritten? Wikipedia has a explanation of leap years. The basic structure of the speech was as follows: On 30 June 1956, the Central Committee of the party issued a resolution, "On Overcoming the Cult of the Individual and Its Consequences",[20] which served as the party's official and public pronouncement on the Stalin era. CUNY; / k ju n i /, KYOO-nee) is the public university system of New York City.It is the largest urban university system in the United States, comprising 25 campuses: eleven senior colleges, seven community colleges and seven professional institutions. During the Great Leap Forward, the industrial sector also was expected to discover and use slack labor and productive capacity to increase output beyond the levels previously considered feasible. Light bulb as limit, to what is current limited to? The issue of mass repressions was known to Soviet leaders well before the speech. Manifestations of personality cult: songs, city names and so on. hemisphere.). Stalin, Khrushchev argued, was the primary victim of the deleterious effect of the cult of personality,[18] which, through his existing flaws, had transformed him from a crucial part of the victories of Lenin into a paranoiac man who was easily influenced by the "rabid enemy of our party", Lavrentiy Beria.[19]. Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, For what it's worth, calendar calculations are surprisingly hard, especially if you have to get into leap seconds. If the year can be evenly divided by 100, it is NOT a leap year, unless; The year is also evenly divisible by 400. In the years following the Great Leap Forward the communes had begun to provide welfare services like free health care and education. It's slightly less than 365.25, so every 100 years, one leap day must be eliminated (365.25 - 0.01 = 365.24). Israeli intelligence and United States intelligence had secretly agreed previously to co-operate on security matters. 155: LeAP FROG (5.00) Bouncy! It was therefore reported in the Western media in early March. Former First Secretary of the CPSU Get information on latest national and international events & more. Some scholars have also included the years 1958 or 1962. In the Gregorian calendar 3 criteria must be taken into account to identify leap years: Simply Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. [23] The historian Geoffrey Roberts said Khrushchev's speech became "one of the key texts of western historiography of the Stalin era. Includes news, blogs, sports, politics, fashion, life style, entertainment, feature Stroies, celebrities interviews and more. The speech was shocking in its day. Bouncy! The speech itself was prepared based on the results of a special party commission (chairman Pyotr Pospelov, P. T. Komarov, Averky Aristov and Nikolai Shvernik), known as the Pospelov Commission, arranged at the session of the Presidium of the Party Central Committee on 31 January 1955. 1. As they are not further divisible by 400, they are not leap years. Before year 45BC leap year was not added. I'm sure Wikipedia can explain it better than I can, but it is basically to do with the fact that if you added an extra day every four years we'd get ahead of the sun as its time to orbit the sun is less than 365.25 days so we compensate for this by not adding leap days on years that are not divisible by 400 eg 1900. Get the latest breaking news across the U.S. on ABCNews.com J. Arch Getty commented in 1985 that "Khrushchev's revelations [] are almost entirely self-serving. Leap years are arbitrary, and the system used to describe them is a man made construct. Mao did slow down the pace of the Great Leap Forward between November 1958 and June 1959, but he was unwavering in his pursuit of utopia. Frank Diktter. Complete text of the speech (in English) (from The Wilson Center). What is the most performant way to determine if a year is a leap year in Swift? Lesbian Sex 07/12/17: The Bondage Catering (4.69) Emily's new job leads to submissive responsibilities. Normal years will have 365 day and those dividable with 400 can get 366 days. Thus, century years 1900, 1800 and 1700 while all still divisible by 4 are also exactly divisible by 100. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. The reason we have leap years every 4 years is because that gets us to 365.25 on average [(365+365+365+366) / 4 = 365.25, 1461 days in 4 years]. Nude dancing has consequences. Stalin's order for the persecution to be enhanced: the. Too much wine has unforeseen sexual consequences. Khrushchev's speech was sharply critical of the rule of the deceased General Secretary and Premier Joseph Stalin, particularly with respect to the purges which had especially marked the last years of the 1930s. All that was certain was that the Soviet system and the party itself remained impeccably pure and bore no responsibility for the tyrant's atrocities". RUBBIT! So only 3 out of 4 times will the 100 year rule apply (or in other words, add back in 1 day every 400 years; 365.25 - 0.01 + 0.0025 = 365.2425). It works perfectly! It possibly served Khrushchev's ulterior motives to legitimize and consolidate his control of the Soviet Union's party and government after political struggles with Georgy Malenkov and firm Stalin loyalists such as Vyacheslav Molotov, who were involved to varying degrees in the purges. In the Julian calendar, leap years are divisible by 4 while in the Gregorian calendar, leap years are either of the following: In shell you can use cal -j YYYY which prints the julian day of the year, If the last julian day is 366, then it is a leap year. Watch game, team & player highlights, Fantasy football videos, NFL event coverage & more Eventually the text was found but many miles from Moscow, where it had been delivered. Assuming every 3200 year as no leap year, The length of a year is (more or less) 365.242196 days. Thus, 4000, 8000, 12000, etc are not leap years. Thus years such as 1996, 1992, 1988 and so on are leap years because they are divisible by 4 but not by 100. [10] That was followed, on 5 March, by a reduction of the document's secrecy classification from "Top Secret" to "Not for Publication". The content of the speech reached the West through a circuitous route. While in motion! So we have to subtract, more or less, a quarter of a day to make it fit : 365.242196 - 0.25 = 364.992196 (by adding 1 day in 4 years) : but oops, now it's too small!! The Great Leap Forward (Second Five Year Plan) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and social campaign led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1958 to 1962. The Anti-Stalin Campaign and International Communism: A Selection of Documents, "Khrushchev's speech struck a blow at the totalitarian system", A "Stalinist" rebuttal of Khrushchev's "Secret Speech", 1956, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, Russian Revolution, Russian Civil War, PolishSoviet War, Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, Aggravation of class struggle under socialism, Backwardness brings on beatings by others, 1906 Bolshevik raid on the Tsarevich Giorgi, National delimitation in the Soviet Union, Demolition of Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization, Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia, Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR, List of awards and honours bestowed upon Joseph Stalin, Political Administration of the Ministry of Defence, All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (Komsomol), Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization, Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Soviet Navy, State Committee on the State of Emergency, General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia, League of Russian Revolutionary Social Democracy Abroad, League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class, Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences&oldid=1115028529, Documents of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Articles containing Russian-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. We've developed a suite of premium Outlook features for people with advanced email and calendar needs. The direct goal of the commission was to investigate the repressions of the delegates of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in 1934. In 1961, the body of Stalin was removed from public view in Lenin's mausoleum and buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. Practice of falsifications followed to cope with "plans" for numbers of enemies to be uncovered. [9], On 1 March, the text of the Khrushchev speech was distributed in printed form to senior Central Committee functionaries. Does a beard adversely affect playing the violin or viola? So in 24x3200 years (=76800years) we lose 0.8832 days. It was never disclosed to Western communist party members by the nomenklatura, and most Western communists only became aware of the details of the text after The New York Times (5 June 1956), Le Monde (6 June 1956) and The Observer (10 June 1956) published versions of the full text. As to how, and in what social conditions, a bloodthirsty paranoiac could for twenty-five years exercise unlimited despotic power over a country of two hundred million inhabitants, which throughout that period had been blessed with the most progressive and democratic system of government in human historyto this enigma the speech offered no clue whatever. On 17 April 1956, they reached the CIA chief, Allen Dulles, who quickly informed US President Dwight D. Eisenhower. [3] In the West, the speech politically devastated organised communists; the Communist Party USA alone lost more than 30,000 members within weeks of its publication.[4]. The difference of those 3 extra years that are not leap years is to stay in cycle with the Gregorian calendar, which repeats every 400 years. In that way we would converge more rapidly to the correct time (we would lose 2.3 hours/500 years). How to help a student who has internalized mistakes? Then it is a leap year. [5] Mao strengthened his own cult of personality equivalent to Stalin. Information overload is something not just employers are facing, but its becoming a problem in peoples everyday lives as well. What are the rules around closing Catholic churches that are part of restructured parishes? The Great Famine or Great Chinese Famine was a period of low agricultural production, food shortages and mass starvation in China, from 1959 to 1961. An ebook (short for electronic book), also known as an e-book or eBook, is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices. Referenced in this answer, where performance testing showed in that case your approach was 2.1x faster: By the way, it seems, Google developers are too cool to read Wikipedia: In a minor twist, this post is now pretty high in Google's search ranking, haha. It is widely regarded as the deadliest famine and one of the greatest man-made disasters in human It will help understanding the real reason. Shortly after the speech had been disseminated, a Jewish Polish journalist, Wiktor Grajewski, visited his girlfriend, ucja Baranowska, who worked as a junior secretary in the office of the first secretary of the Polish Communist Party, Edward Ochab. Rettie came to believe the information came from Khrushchev himself, via the intermediary.[13]. E.g, the newsreader "trn" did in the 1990s have a leap-year bug - it got the year right, but added the day at the beginning of the year. But many western historians were sceptical about Khrushchev's efforts to lay all the blame for past communist crimes on Stalin". How to calculate the number of days between two given dates? Adding the year implementation in c++ using a class, Regular Expression for date and time(DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm:ss) in QML, Get difference of 2 dates in years, months, days, but answer is always off by a couple days/months, Leap year & No Know Class method for selector 'datetoday'. Will it not be much better if we make one step further. What I cannot understand though, is why we don't count a leap year every 500 years instead of 400. I'm voting to close this question as off-topic because it has nothing to do with programming. Former Premier of the Soviet Union. Although sometimes defined as "an electronic version of a printed book", some e-books exist without a printed equivalent. BIS will be 1 if the year is leap, otherwise 0 in this boolean logic: of course, the validity checking done here goes a little further than what was asked for, but i find it a necessary thing to do in good programming. How to save leap date '02/29/2006' to sql server database? Incest/Taboo 01/25/15: Teacher & Student (4.66) Pleasuring each others pussy with a vibrator. 2000 % 400 = 0 this is enough to check if a year is a leap year. Or is this a loose-loose situation. Very astute observation Anthony. RUBBIT! 2. Faith, derived from Latin fides and Old French feid, is confidence or trust in a person, thing, or concept. They did however add some leap years every 3rd year now and then in the years before: Of course it isn't really 365.25 is it slightly less (365.242222), so to correct for this discrepancy they decided drop the leap years that are divisible by 100. e) But that means we lose 0.0368 days per 3200 years. This page was last edited on 9 October 2022, at 13:30. I believe there may be another rule at 3600-multiples but I've never coded for it (Y2K was one thing but planning for one and a half thousand years into the future is not necessary in my opinion - keep in mind I've been wrong before). So we have to subtract, more or less, a quarter of a day to make it fit : 365.242196 - 0.25 = 364.992196 (by adding 1 day in 4 years) : but oops, now it's too small!! legal basis for "discretionary spending" vs. "mandatory spending" in the USA. A Microsoft 365 subscription offers an ad-free interface, custom domains, enhanced security options, the full desktop version of Office, and 1 The algorithm your describing is for the Proleptic Gregorian calendar. The destination for all NFL-related videos. Grajewski had heard rumours of the speech and, as a journalist, was interested in reading it. The value is slightly larger than 365.24. You seem to argue about details of the algorithm which in my opinion are not that important. While its constituent colleges date back as far as 1847, CUNY was established in Is this homebrew Nystul's Magic Mask spell balanced? At the very least it provides a lot of useful information about other calendars etc. How can I incorporate leap years in an age calculator? 06 (4.79) Denise and Harry make a lasting friend. The speech was a milestone in the Khrushchev Thaw. Can a black pudding corrode a leather tunic? [14][15][16], By the afternoon of 13 April 1956, the Shin Bet in Israel had received the photographs. !, that's why leapseconds are the most flexible solution, see for examlple here). Exhibitionist & Voyeur 06/20/22: Starting from Scratch Ep. In Rails, why is 1.year.from_now not the same as 1.year.to_i.seconds.from_now? Look up Christian Zeller's congruence equation. lets add a hundreth of a day (by not adding that day once in a hundred year :-)), 364.992196 + 0,01 = 365.002196 (oops, a bit too big, let's add that day anyway one time in about 400 years). and so on (by then we will have destroyed the planet, so it doesn't matter). [citation needed] The Khrushchev report's "Secret Speech" name came because it was delivered at an unpublicized closed session of party delegates, with guests and members of the press excluded. Mass killings under communist regimes occurred through a variety of means during the 20th century, including executions, famine, deaths through forced labour, deportation, and imprisonment.Some of these events have been classified as genocides or crimes against humanity.Other terms have been used to describe these events, including classicide, democide, Starting from Scratch Ep. For other uses, see, On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences, Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, 50th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide protests, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), "Soviets, After 33 Years, Publish Khrushchev's Anti-Stalin Speech", "1964: On Khrushchov's Phoney Communism and Its Historical Lessons for the World", "The Secret SpeechOn the Cult of Personality", Complete text of the speech (in English) in a contemporary pamphlet, with the original commentary by Nicolaevsky, Complete text of the speech (in Russian) in a contemporary pamphlet. The News on Sunday (TNS) Pakistan's leading weekly magazine. In response, they formed the anti-revisionist movement, criticizing the post-Stalin leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union for allegedly deviating from the path of Lenin and Stalin. Because year 2000 is a leap year and it is divisible by 100 and dividable by 4. [1] There are also reports that some of those present suffered heart attacks and others later took their own lives due to shock at the revelations of Stalin's use of terror. That's why we add 24 days per century (every 4 years EXCEPT when divisible by 100). The year 0 do not exist as it is 2BC 1BC 1AD 2AD for some calculation this can be an issue. Barmor, a Shin Bet representative, took photographs of the document and sent them to Israel. Khrushchev was a staunch party man and lauded Leninism and communist ideology in his speech as often as he condemned Stalin's actions. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! From 1700 to 1917, official calendar was the Julian calendar. [11] The Party Central Committee ordered that Khrushchev's Report be read at all gatherings of Communist and Komsomol local units, with non-party activists invited to attend the proceedings. And you have to consider more than the leap-year-algorithm when considering leap-year-bugs. [12], Shortly after the conclusion of the speech, reports of its delivery, and its general content, were conveyed to the West by Reuters journalist John Rettie, after a Soviet acquaintance briefed him about the speech a few hours before Rettie left for Stockholm on holiday. When the migration is complete, you will access your Teams at stackoverflowteams.com, and they will no longer appear in the left sidebar on stackoverflow.com. Motivate every student to mastery with easy-to-customize content combined with tools for inclusive assessment, instruction, and practice. If a year is divisible by 4 and by 100, it is not a leap year unless it is also divisible by 400. "Complaining that Western political circles were exploiting the revelation of Stalin's crimes, the resolution paid tribute to [Stalin's] services" and was relatively guarded in its criticisms of him.[21].
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