Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is built on the Relational Frame Theory, a theory based on the idea the human ability to relate is the foundation of language and cognition. Music performance can be thrilling and satisfying; however, for many performers who experience music performance anxiety (MPA) the stage can be frightening and threatening, leading many to give up performing or develop maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., substance use), which can impact their career and wellbeing (Kenny, 2011; Braden et al., 2015). the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. This also limited ability to investigate processes of change (in particular the different effects psychological flexibility, inflexibility, and associated subscales). MO and LC obtained IRB ethics approval and advertised the study. There is limited evidence of methodologically rigorous intervention for MPA in the literature (Kenny, 2005), which mostly includes pharmacological and psychological treatments. It is proposed that in SAD (of which MPA can be considered a circumscribed subtype), individuals engage in avoidance of psychological and emotional experiences that occur in the context of social situations (Eifert and Forsyth, 2005) and these avoidance behaviors interfere with values-guided action (Kocovski et al., 2013). The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016. Thus, participants may have been experiencing high levels of distress and avoidance while still committing to the valued action of music performance. High levels of MPA are reported in the literature investigating MPA in students, many of whom report that MPA negatively affects their ability to perform and that they need help with MPA-related problems (Tamborrino, 2001; Kaspersen and Gotestam, 2002; Williamon and Thompson, 2006). The Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI) is a 60-item measure created in response to a need for a single, comprehensive and multidimensional assessment of the 12 key components of psychological flexibility and inflexibility, as posited by ACT theory (Rolffs et al., 2018). Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Epub 2020 May 13. Psychological well-being in professional orchestral musicians in Australia: a descriptive population study. Results indicated that five out of seven participants showed increases in self-reported self-care behaviors after the start of the intervention, and three maintained their gains in the post-intervention period. Primarily, we sought to investigate whether group-based ACT may be a feasible and effective intervention for MPA in Australian student vocalists. Mediation and moderation analyses of web-based ACT for depressive symptoms. Chang-Arana A. M., Kenny D. T., Burga-Len A. . Trying to avoid them can lead to unhelpful or. 2013;14(11 . Careers. Validation of the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI): a cross-cultural confirmation of its factorial structure. High levels of MPA in students and vocalists are reported in the literature. 2021 Sep;25(54):1-150. doi: 10.3310/hta25540. Results showed that, at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up, participants demonstrated increased psychological flexibility, decreased psychological inflexibility, and decreased symptoms of MPA, compared to pre-treatment. government site. Disentangling components of flexibility via the hexaflex model: development and validation of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). Acceptance and commitment therapy may be practised either in a step-by-step, formalised way, or, more typically, in a flexible, principle driven way. It is an empirically based psychological intervention that uses acceptance and mindfulness strategies mixed in different ways with commitment and behavior-change strategies, to increase psychological flexibility. An official website of the United States government. Background: Depression is a highly prevalent disorder, causing a large burden of disease and substantial economic costs. Despite reductions in MPA scores, however, no participants score fell below the generally accepted clinical cut-off of 105 (Kenny, 2016a). Method: This indicates a possible dose-response effect, in which case it may be beneficial to increase the number of sessions, for example, running a 1-h session per week in a 12-week program, as per the Eifert and Forsyth ACT for Anxiety treatment protocol (2005). Effectiveness of Web-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Relation to Mental Health and Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Implications of these findings for distressed graduate students are discussed. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Acceptance and Commitment Therapy or "ACT" (pronounced as the word "act", not the letters a-c-t) is a mindfulness-based behavioral therapy that focuses on psychological flexibility and valued engagement in life. MPA is usually more severe when there is a perceived evaluative threat (an audience), high ego investment, or fear of failure, but it can occur in any performance setting (Kenny, 2011). Epub 2017 Dec 13. Abstract. November 26, 2021. Additionally, for the MPFI, Rolffs et al. Mothers perceived barriers to and recommendations for health care appointment keeping for children who have cerebral palsy. Identifying attachment ruptures underlying severe music performance anxiety in a professional musician undertaking intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP): case study. A Virtual Resiliency Intervention Promoting Resiliency for Parents of Children with Learning and Attentional Disabilities: A Randomized Pilot Trial. Would you like email updates of new search results? Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; pronounced like the word "act") is a cognitive-behavioral approach used in the treatment of substance use disorders that is based on the concepts of acceptance, mindfulness, and personal values. A therapy so hard to classify that it has been described as an "existential humanistic cognitive behavioral therapy." Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, known as "ACT" (pronounced as the word "act") is a mindfulness-based behavioral therapy that challenges the ground rules of most Western psychology. Self-affirmation alters the brains response to health messages and subsequent behavior change. Means, standard deviations, and inferential statistics are presented in Table 1. Thus, this study adds to the body of literature recommending the importance of early intervention to enable young musicians to understand and manage their MPA early in their careers. The effectiveness of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy self-help intervention for chronic pain. Acceptance and commitment therapy can be broken down into six principles: Cognitive defusion Acceptance Connection to the present The Observing Self Clarified values Commitment to action 1. Kenny D. T., Arthey S., Abbass A. Interventions for music performance anxiety: results from a systematic literature review. Acceptance and commitment therapy for older people with treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder: the FACTOID feasibility study. Such symptoms may adversely impact vocal performance through compromised breath support, reduced amount of air affecting vocal tone quality, and hyperventilation causing light-headedness which may pose a risk on stage. doi: 10.5694/mja2.50383. It is a form of counseling and a branch of clinical behavior analysis; it is an empirically based psychological intervention using strategies of acceptance and mindfulness mixed in different ways and changes of behaviors to increase psychological flexibility. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is an approach that helps us stop avoiding anxiety so we can overcome it. Right. Pharmacotherapy for performance anxiety disorders: Occasionally useful but typically contraindicated. It also encourages increased commitment to healthy, constructive activities that uphold your values or goals. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is an intervention that can be administered by trained professionals, including psychologists, social workers, and mental health counselors, within psycho-oncology settings. Acceptance is an acknowledgement of and a willingness to allow these experiences. and transmitted securely. Accept that life brings challenges and pain. ACT was originally devised by Steven C. Hayes when he was seeking relief from his own panic disorder. Along with his better half, Patricia Robinson, he coauthored the critically acclaimed self-help book, The Mindfulness and Acceptance Workbook for . Received 2020 Feb 27; Accepted 2020 May 4. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help 3 months of pain), (2) the publication was an original article (e.g. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy techniques are often utilized as part of a young adult's tailored treatment plan, in combination with other evidence-based therapeutic modalities, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Motivational Interviewing. 2019 Nov;211 Suppl 9:S3-S46. The ACT method encourages modification of program elements to meet specific needs (Eifert and Forsyth, 2005). McCracken LM, Sato A, Taylor GJ. The researchers noted that ACT shows promise as an effective treatment option for MPA and should be studied further (Juncos and Markman, 2016). Yet, in contrast to the theorized interference of avoidance behaviors with values-guided action in SAD (Kocovski et al., 2013), the students in this study reported the highest psychological flexibility subscale scores for committed action. Repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up scores on the K-MPAI, MPFI, MHC, and DASS. Music performance anxiety in choral singers. Your Best Life: More Apps for Better Mental Health? Guided self-help for depression in autistic adults: the ADEPT feasibility RCT. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16, 71-79. https://doi . doi: 10.2196/39182. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, or ACT, on the other hand, is a useful tool for a broad spectrum of individuals struggling with mood, thought, anxiety, or personality disorders. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is one of the third wave of mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapies and has accumulated a huge scientific evidence base demonstrating its effectiveness. Pots WT, Trompetter HR, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. For example, the highest score reported on psychological inflexibility was avoidance, which is consistent with the proposition that individuals with SAD (of which MPA may be diagnosed as a subtype in DSM-5), avoid internal psychological and emotional experiences (thoughts and feelings) that occur in the context of social (performance) situations (Eifert and Forsyth, 2005). Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! LC and MO designed and developed program materials and delivered the intervention with JB providing clinical supervision to ensure ACT integrity. Given adherence and positive feedback provided in the informal program evaluation, it is likely future projects and programs would be well received. How do small groups promote behaviour change? A trial of a brief group-based form of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for chronic pain in general practice: pilot outcome and process results. Following recommendations of between 5 and 7 for group-based interventions (Borek and Abraham, 2018) and 5 to 10 for group therapy (Yalom and Leszcz, 2005), six participants was deemed an acceptable number to run the study. The primary ACT goal is to help patients develop the psychological flexibility to cope with challenges . Individuals in both treatment conditions (CBT and ACT) showed significant improvement in reported levels of worry, depression, stress, anxiety, and quality of life from pre- to post-assessment (Avdagic et al., 2014). Fifteen individuals responded and were screened with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5-RV), modules A (mood disorders) and B (psychotic and associated symptoms). Introduction. Where normative data are unavailable, this process can be operationalized as a post-treatment score that is at least two standard deviations from the mean for that population, in the direction of functionality (Jacobson and Truax, 1991). The results imply the intervention is feasible in the context of Swedish outpatient habilitation services. And so just to recap, acceptance and commitment therapy is act approaches to psychotherapy. eCollection 2022. Additionally, there are methodological weaknesses across studies, including small sample sizes, lack of standardized techniques and duration of treatment, non-statistical analyses of results, and lack of information about MPA levels experienced by participants (Kenny, 2005; Burin and Osorio, 2016). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a contextual therapy that emerged from within the family of cognitive-behavioural psychotherapies. Participants also provided consent to participate in follow-up portions of the study via check boxes and by providing their contact details. Due to limited resources in applied settings, often group-based interventions are more viable than longer, individualized treatment (Glaser et al., 2009). Measuring experiential avoidance: a preliminary test of a working model. There is a large body of evidence on the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I).1-3 Although many patients have beneficial experiences with CBT-I, some do not respond to this modality of intervention. However, positive findings are not unanimous, and some studies do not show favorable results (Burin and Osorio, 2016). J Public Health Res. ACT aims to increase psychological flexibility (the ability to be in the present moment with full awareness and openness to our experience, and to take action guided by our values; Harris, 2009, p. 12), which is made up of six interrelated components, collectively referred to as the ACT hexaflex (Hayes et al., 2006). All interviews were completed via telephone at a prearranged time. Participants were also followed up three months post-intervention, via email containing a link to an online survey which included all outcome measures and questions about their experience in the program (see section Measures). Symptoms of MPA may be cognitive (e.g., worry, narrowed attention focusing on mistakes and/or physiological symptoms, and perceived threat) or physiological (e.g., shallow breath, heart palpitations, dry mouth, tension, and shaking; Stothert, 2012; Juncos et al., 2017). Five participants agreed or strongly agreed with the statement that skills learned in the program had helped with performances (one participant agreed somewhat). Given the high frequency of debilitating MPA reported by tertiary student musicians (Tamborrino, 2001; Kaspersen and Gotestam, 2002; Williamon and Thompson, 2006) and initial empirical evidence for the effectiveness of ACT in tertiary student populations with mixed anxiety and specifically with MPA and performance issues (Glaser et al., 2009; Juncos et al., 2017), we intended to design an intervention that could be adopted by music education providers and included in curricula to assist young musicians to understand and manage MPA early in their careers. Descriptive results and group comparisons over time. While ACT has been applied to a wide variety of problems, it's also well suited for treating PTSD. already built in. Before Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is known as "ACT" not the letters A-C-T. ACT gets its name from its core messages which are to "accept what is out of your personal control, and commit to taking action that enriches your life" (Harris, 2009; p2). Treatment was provided free of charge; participants were offered a $50 gift card if they participated in all aspects of the study, including 3-month follow up. SO MANY students could benefit from this and another stated Thank you for providing this group to students and really caring about our mental wellbeing as performers!. performance anxiety, psychological flexibility, wellbeing, musicians, early intervention, ACT, conservatorium, performance psychology. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 28(1), 118. Bookshelf Thus, the research should be considered exploratory. Essence of therapy: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a behavioral therapy based on Relational Frame Theory, aims to change the relationship individuals have with unwanted or feared thoughts, feelings, memories, and physical sensations. The effects of the intervention were examined using a concurrent multiple baseline across participants design. Parenting stress through the lens of different clinical groups: a systematic review & meta-analysis. The demonstrated efficacy of ACT with a range of disorders, and in particular with SAD, suggests it may be a useful intervention for MPA. Objective: To evaluate a protocol for acceptance and commitment therapy-based behavioral intervention for insomnia (ACT-BBI-I) in adults compared to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). There was a significant increase in psychological flexibility and significant decreases in MPA and psychological inflexibility. BMC Psychiatry. The Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences provided funding to conduct this study. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Clinical change indices for individual participants are presented in Table 2. Evaluation of the mental health continuum short form (MHC-SF) in Setswana speaking South Africans. The .gov means its official. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Berry, J. O., & Jones, W. H. (1995). The current study offers initial evidence for the feasibility and effectiveness of a group-based ACT intervention for MPA with students. Participants receive an overall wellbeing score from 0 to 5, where higher scores indicate greater wellbeing (Keyes, 2005; Keyes et al., 2008). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a "third-wave" cognitive behavioral intervention aimed at enhancing our psychological flexibility (Hayes et al., 2006). It was developed by Steven Hayes in the late 1980s when he began working at the University of Nevada's Psychology Department. 2022 Aug 19;22(1):556. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04134-4. Conclusions: Lappalainen P, Langrial S, Oinas-Kukkonen H, Tolvanen A, Lappalainen R. Behav Modif. In any instance where a participant was not able to attend a group session, an individual make-up session was organized. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a novel, manualized Acceptance and Commitment Therapy group intervention (Navigator ACT) in a sample of 94 parents of children with disabilities. An integrative conceptual review of explanatory mechanisms.
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